Slum houses built-up process
Istanbul one of the fastest growing cities of the world with its annual population increase rate of 3.5%. Internal immigration played big role in such growth of Istanbul both in terms of population and area. Studies conducted on internal immigration of Turkey indicate that important part of internal immigration is directed towards Marmara Region especially to Istanbul.
Studies conducted on internal immigration of Turkey indicate that important part of internal immigration is directed towards Marmara Region especially to Istanbul.
Internal immigration towards Istanbul increased after 1950's especially depending on fastest growing of industrialization in Istanbul. Most of the people arrived in Istanbul with massive immigration in that time could hardly find houses in the old and slum quarters of the city, and most of them could not even afford the rentals requested in such areas. Such conditions forced new immigrants to build unhealthy slum houses near their place of employment on a vacant land that did not belong to them, and the structures called "Slum houses" since they were built fast were appeared.
The first slum house in Istanbul was seen in Kazlıçeşme Zeytinburnu in 1945. Slum house building gained speed in years 1947 and 1948, and their number increased after they escaped from destruction decision in year 1948. Total number of slum houses in the city was established as 5 thousand in 1949 and 3 thousand 218 of them were established in Zeytinburnu.
Number of slum houses in Istanbul indicated a fast increase with Pardon Law enacted from year 1949. This number reached 8 thousand 239 in 1950, 61 thousand 400 in 1959, 120 thousand in 1963. 35% of the inhabitants of the Istanbul were living in slum houses in 1963. Zeytinburnu became a district in 1957, thus an area fully covered by slum houses was included into the districts of Istanbul.
The land occupied by the slum houses of Zeytinburnu is essentially small part of two foundations, Bezmi Alem Valide Sultan and Sultan Beyazıt-I Veli Han Hazretleri.
Slum houses and illegal buildings built on lands of Municipalities, Treasury, Foundations and persons and belonging to various people in Zeytinburnu from 1946 continued until Pardoning Law No. 2805 was enacted. During this process, administrative and legal disputes between the owners of the buildings illegally built and built as slum house and related authorities are largely settled. Today, number of buildings established as violating the slum house legislation is 864.
Zeytinburnu development and improvement plans were approved in 1968-1969 and road direction plans in 1986. Applications in Maltepe industrial zone are made according to 1/5000 scaled Development Plan approved on 30.10.1986. Development and Improvement Plans for parcels owned by different persons in the district are concluded region by region.
